A-Level哲学-政治哲学Political Philosophy
      Revision: Political Philosophy

　　Brief Definitions

　　Autonomy - A group or individual who has the ability to govern them, make decisions and act upon those decisions. Self-Government.

　　Democracy – A government ruled by the people, and consisting of 'the people'.

　　Direct Democracy – Electors (the people) vote on every Government Issue.

　　Representative – Electors vote in a person to represent 'the people'.

　　Ideology – A set of rules, morals and political views that governments base their ideals on. Usually includes a view of human nature.

　　Social Contract – The mutual agreement between the people and the government on issues that affect the country and the people within, such as rights and duties.

　　Theocracy – Government, which subscribes to the ideals of religion. Rule by god.

　　Tyranny – Government by one unelected individual who imposes his will upon the population.

　　Capitalism – A society in which everybody works for their own gain, and/or financial development. Can lead to massive growth in middle classes.

　　Political Philosophy is aimed at analyzing how a society works and how they are governed by a ruling power. It seeks to evaluate the different ethical and political standpoints in different political parties, and analyze how they affect the citizens of the country/state. Some key ideologies include;

　　Conservatism

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　　Liberalism

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　　Socialism

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　　Anarchism

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　　Types of Government

　　Democracy

　　Literally means, "Rule by the People"

　　Criticized by Plato as "committing the conduct of state affairs to the whims of the multitude". The people do not have the political experience to be able to make decisions that are best for everybody. Instead, people tend to vote for things that they want rather than what they need.

　　Two types of democracy –

　　Representative Democracy – Electors (aka, 'the people') vote a representative into government who will carry out the will of the people. This is the type of government that is seen in many western countries today. The person voted in will be expected to vote for issues that concern the multitude most, as he is the 'figurehead' of the people.

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　　Direct Democracy – All the electors are gathered to vote on every Government Issue. An example of a Direct Democracy would be Plato's Athens, which in those times only housed about 250,000 people. Out of those, 50000 would be entitled to vote on every Government Issue at hand. As Athens grew though, it became too hard to continue using this system, so it is much easier for governments to use an individual to represent the multitude. 
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