在雅思写作考试中，很多考生一些不经意的错误(自己意识不到)，早就了5.5达人!今天，我们就深层次来扒一扒这些错误的共性!

　　一、 "There be"结构

　　考生病句：

　　1. There are many people like to go to the movies.

　　2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.

　　正确表达：

　　1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.

　　2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.

　　从以上例句还可看出，句中的主语后面可接多种修饰语，如介词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力，使句子表达内容更加丰富。 在运用这一结构时，考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语，使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况，对此我们在写作中要格外注意。

　　二、 比较结构

　　考生病句：

　　1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.

　　2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.

　　正确表达：

　　1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.

　　2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.

　　评议与分析：许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较，但相当多的表达有误。

　　在例1中，对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为B是分词的逻辑主语，只能被比较。在例2中，考生误将"天气"与"城市"进行比较，而二者没有可比性，只有将后者改为"其他城市的天气"才符合逻辑，很显然，考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。

　　三、 表达原因的结构

　　考生病句：

　　1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.

　　2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

　　正确表达：

　　1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.

　　2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

　　评议与分析：

　　从遣词造句上看，这两位考生具有一定的写作能力，not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均运用正确、恰当。但令人遗憾的是，第一位考生不知道reason不与to搭配而应接介词for，第二位考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误，就是用because引起表语从句，because这个词不能引起表语从句，在本句中只能改用that才正确。

　　掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的，几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或可以写原因。在大学英语四、六级考试、研究生入学英语考试以及TOEFL考试中，写作的文体基本上是议论文，而议论文的基本模式是摆事实、讲道理，讲道理就是说明原因。写作测试的文体决定了表达原因结构的重要性。

　　英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因的从句。

　　四、 否定结构

　　考生病句：

　　1. Some people think we needn't to worry about fresh water.

　　2. Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, too.

　　正确表达：

　　1. Some people think we needn't worry (或don't need to worry) about fresh water.

　　2. Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, either.

　　评议与分析：

　　need作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句，后面的动词不带to, needn't worry，作we的谓语。need作为实意动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，don't need to worry 中的to worry作don't need的宾语。例句2的错误在于该考生混淆了too和either的区别，这两个词都表示"也"的意思，但是在英语中too, also只能用于肯定句，而either只能用于否定句。 否定结构除了在助动词、情态动词，be和have后面加not之外，还有许多不含not的否定结构。若能正确使用他们，文章会显得生动活泼，增加写作的闪光点。下面我们就来看看:

　　1. 含有否定意义的词汇和短语

　　以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义，因此无需用否定词。

　　介词against, beyond, but, except, without,...

　　形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want,...

　　短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,...

　　2. 含有半否定意义的词语

　　barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具有半否定的意义。例句：

　　1) We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.

　　2) These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.

　　3. 不含否定意义的否定结构

　　有些词和词组形式上是否定结构，但其含义是肯定的，比如：cannot but, can't help, no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。

　　4. 否定结构的倒装语序

　　我们有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首，这时句子结构应倒装。例如：

　　1) On no account should we follow blindly.我们决不应当盲从。

　　2) No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in our country.没有任何其他地方有我国这样高的学习热情。

　　五、 含有it的结构

　　考生病句：

　　1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.

　　2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.

　　正确表达：

　　1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society. (或:As is known to all of us, science...)

　　2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect. (或:As is known to us, practice...)

　　评议与分析：

　　很显然，两个考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主语，后面的主语从句必须由that引起;如果用as，则后面不能用that，因为as是关系代词，代表practice makes perfect。It在英语中是个相当活跃的代词，在写作中我们常要使用它。以下几种用法应熟练掌握，并能灵活运用。

　　1.作形式主语

　　It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. It makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.

　　2.作形式宾语

　　We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. Modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.

　　3.引导强调句

　　It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.

　　从语法结构来看，上述的句子都不难，或者可以说是考生相当熟悉的。然而在写作考试中，多数考生缺乏运用自己已掌握的句式的意识，而以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之。其实，只要能恰当地运用上述的任何一个句式，考生的作文就会出现闪光点，就会取得比较好的成绩。